Aligarh Muslim University

Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) is a government funded, accessible university, originally accustomed by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan as Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental Academy in 1875. The Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental Academy became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920. The capital campus of AMU is amid in the city-limits of Aligarh. Spread over 467.6 hectares, AMU offers added than 300 courses in both acceptable and avant-garde branches of education. According to the 2014 Asia Ranking of Times Higher Education, AMU ranks 3rd a part of universities in India. The university comprises all castes, creeds, religions and genders, and is on the account of Institutes of National Importance.

History

It was accustomed as Madrasatul Uloom Musalmanan-e-Hind in 1875–78, The Anglo–Indian elder Syed Ahmad Khan founded the antecedent of AMU, the Muhammadan Anglo Oriental College, in 1875 accepting already accustomed two schools. He advised adequacy in English and "Western sciences" all-important abilities for advancement Muslims' political influence, abnormally in Northern India. Khan's angel for the academy was based on his appointment to Oxford and Cambridge and he capital to authorize an apprenticeship arrangement agnate to the British model. HH Sir Mohammad Ali Mohammad Khan and the Aga Khan III aswell played a above role in realising the abstraction of Syed Ahmed Khan by accession funds for architecture the Aligarh Muslim University
In the alpha the academy was affiliated with the University of Calcutta but became an associate of Allahabad University in 1885. Around 1900 efforts began to accomplish the academy its own university. Its ambit of courses was broadcast and a girls academy was added in 1907 afore it became the Aligarh Muslim University in 1920. The Aligarh Muslim University Act of 1920 fabricated it a axial university. The university was advised to alternation Muslims for government account in India and adapt them for avant-garde training in British universities.
In 1927, a academy for the dark was accustomed and, the afterward year, a medical academy was absorbed to the university. By the end of the 1930s, the university had developed an Engineering faculty. Syed Zafarul Hasan, abutting the Aligarh Muslim University in aboriginal 1900s as arch of Philosophy Department, administrator Adroitness of Arts. He was a pro-vice adjudicator afore his retirement.
Before 1939, adroitness associates and acceptance accurate an all-India nationalist movement. After 1939, political affect confused against abutment for a Muslim agitator movement. Acceptance and adroitness mobilised abaft Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the university became an centermost of Pakistan Movement The university's academic arch is the Chancellor, currently Mufaddal Saifuddin is the Chancellor, admitting it is a titular figure, and is not complex with the circadian active of the university. The Adjudicator is adopted by the associates of university Court, a physique with associates fatigued from all walks of life.
Ibne Saeed Khan, the bygone Nawab of Chhatari state, is the accepted Pro-Chancellor.
Currently Zameer Uddin Shah is the Carnality Chancellor. Shah is the 38th Carnality Chancellor. Vice-Chancellor is appointed by the President of India on the advocacy of the Court.The Court is the Supreme administering physique of the University and contest all the admiral of the University, not contrarily provided for by the Aligarh Muslim University Act, the Statutes, the Ordinances and the Regulations of the University.
Prof Habibur Rahman, above carnality adjudicator of Agra University is the accepted Honorary Treasurer.

Reservation in India

Reservation in India is the activity of facilitating the being in education, scholarship, jobs, and in advance who accept chic certificates. Catch is a anatomy of quota-based acknowledging action. Catch is absolute by built-in laws, approved laws, and bounded rules and regulations. Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST) and Added Astern Classes (OBC), and in some states Astern Classes a part of Muslims beneath a chic alleged BC(M), are the primary beneficiaries of the catch behavior beneath the Constitution – with the article of ensuring a akin arena field.

History of the anxiety system

Caste and association contour of humans beneath the abjection band in India, as categorical in the Sachar Report
In August 1933, the Prime Minister of Britain, Ramsay Macdonald, alien the Communal Award, according to which abstracted representation was to be provided for the Muslims, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, Europeans, Dalit. The depressed classes were assigned a amount of seats to be abounding by acclamation from appropriate constituencies in which voters acceptance to the depressed classes alone could vote.
The Award was awful arguable and adjoin by Mahatma Gandhi, who fasted in beef adjoin it. Communal Award was accurate by abounding a part of the boyhood communities, a lot of conspicuously advocate Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. Afterwards diffuse negotiations, Gandhi accomplished an acceding with Dr. Ambedkar (Initially adjoin it) to accept a individual Hindu electorate, with Dalits accepting seats aloof aural it. This is alleged the Poona Pact. Electorates for added religions like Muslim and Sikh remained separate.
Present catch arrangement has a continued history and has been debated afore and afterwards Indian ability from the British in 1947.
Reservations in favour of Astern Classes (BCs) were alien continued afore ability in a ample area, absolute the Presidency areas and the Baronial states south of the Vindhyas. In 1882, Hunter Agency was appointed. Jyotirao Phule fabricated a appeal of chargeless and compulsatory apprenticeship for Smrti forth with commensurable representation in government jobs. In 1891, there was a appeal for catch of government jobs with an agitation (in the baronial State of Travancore) adjoin the application of non-natives into accessible account overlooking able built-in people. In 1901,reservations were alien in Maharashtra (in the Baronial State of Kolhapur) by Shahu Maharaj. Chatrapati Sahuji Maharaj, Maharaja of Kolhapur in Maharashtra alien catch in favour of non-Brahmin and astern classes as aboriginal as 1902. He provided chargeless apprenticeship to anybody and opened several hostels in Kolhapur to accomplish it easier for anybody to accept the education. He aswell fabricated abiding anybody got acceptable application no amount what amusing chic they belonged. He aswell appealed for a class-free India and the abolishment of untouchability. The notification of 1902 created 50% catch in casework for astern classes/communities in the State of Kolhapur. This is the aboriginal official instance (Government Order) accouterment for catch for depressed classes in India.In 1908, anxiety were alien in favour of a amount of castes and communities that had little allotment in the administering by the British. There were abounding added reforms in favour of and adjoin anxiety afore the Indian Ability itself.
Even afterwards the Indian Ability there were some above changes in favour of the STs, SCs and OBCs. One of the a lot of important occurred in 1979 if the Mandal Agency was accustomed to appraise the bearings of the socially and educationally astern classes. The agency did not accept exact abstracts for a sub-caste, accepted as the Added Astern Class(OBC), and acclimated the 1930[4] demography data, added classifying 1,257 communities as backward, to appraisal the OBC citizenry at 52%. In 1980 the agency submitted a report, and recommended changes to the absolute quotas, accretion them from 22% to 49.5%.As of 2006 amount of castes in Astern chic account went up to 2297 which is the access of 60% from association account able by Mandal commission. But it wasn't until the 1990s that the recommendations of the Mandala Agency were implemented in Government Jobs by Vishwanath Pratap Singh.
The abstraction of untouchability was not practised analogously throughout the country; accordingly the identification of afflicted classes was difficult to backpack out. Allegedly, the convenance of allegory and untouchability prevailed added in the arctic locations of India as adjoin to in Southern India. Furthermore, assertive castes or communities, advised "untouchable" in one arena were not in added provinces.